兒童英語(yǔ)教育的研究（下）

Many scholars have emphasized the importance of distinguishing between ideas and facts (Garrigus,2002; Pirozzi,2003;Wassman & Paye1985). This shows thatteachers should guide students to find out what is the facts and arguments, and what ishe author's point of view and point of view. It can be said that the distinction betweenopinion and fact is the most important skill in critical reading. In order to understandand evaluate the text reasonably, the highly effective readers must be able to distinguishthe fact from the point of view. The facts are based on objective evidence of realspecific details, which can be proved. However, perspective, which is artificially created,is an explanation, value judgment, or belief that cannot be proved right or wrong.Objective evidence may be specific, which can be a witness to the description, or theacceptable scientific results.In the usual reading articles, there are many sentences that contain both theviewpoint and the fact, so it is difficult for the reader to distinguish the facts andopinions. So it is very necessary for students to know the fact that the purpose is to inform, for exam, textbooks, medical research and newspapers, etc. The view of the purpose is to persuade or entertain, such as editorial, advertising and story.Understanding the differences between ideas and facts can help students to make criticalreading. There are two ways to achieve this goal. First, let the students ask the mselvesthree questions to detect the statement is the fact or point of view. The questions are:can this statement be proved to be true? Can this statement be observed in practice or inthe operation? Can this argument be confirmed by witnesses, manuscripts or documents?If there is an answer to ―no‖ in the three questions, then this is a point of view, whereasthe opposite is true. Second, let the students pay attention to some of the adjectives with personal emotional tendencies such as awful, excellent, favorite, stupid, unbelievable,and so on. Because these adjectives all show the author‘s attitude or emotion to theobject, the sentence that contains these adjectives can be understood as a point of view.In addition the students should pay attention to some of the restrictions, such as could,likely, never, often, only, etc. Because they show the author‘s suspicion or attitude, thesentences that contain these words can also be viewed as a point of view.

兒童英語(yǔ)教育的研究

關(guān)鍵閱讀策略的定義

許多學(xué)者強(qiáng)調(diào)了區(qū)分概念和事實(shí)的重要性(加里格斯，2002;Pirozzi,2003;Wassman &Paye1985) 。 這表明教師應(yīng)該引導(dǎo)學(xué)生找出事實(shí)和論點(diǎn) ， 以及作  者的觀(guān)念和觀(guān)點(diǎn)。 可以說(shuō)，在批判性閱讀中，意見(jiàn)和事實(shí)的區(qū)別是 重要的技能。為了合理地理解和評(píng)價(jià)文本，高效的讀者必須能夠從觀(guān)點(diǎn)的角度來(lái)區(qū)分事實(shí)。事實(shí)根據(jù)客觀(guān)證據(jù)來(lái)證明，這是可以證明的。然而，這種人為創(chuàng)造的觀(guān)點(diǎn)，是一種解釋?zhuān)瑑r(jià)值判斷，或不能證明是對(duì)或錯(cuò)的信仰�？陀^(guān)證據(jù)可以是具體的，可以作為描述的證據(jù)，或者是可接受的科學(xué)結(jié)果。在通常的閱讀文章中，有很多句子既包含了觀(guān)點(diǎn)，也包含了事實(shí)，所以讀者很難區(qū)分事實(shí)和觀(guān)點(diǎn)。因此，學(xué)生們很有必要了解這樣一個(gè)事實(shí):目的是為了告知，例如教科書(shū)、醫(yī)學(xué)研究和報(bào)紙等，目的是為了說(shuō)服或娛樂(lè)，例如編輯、廣告和故事。理解思想和事實(shí)之間的差異可以幫助學(xué)生進(jìn)行批判性閱讀。有兩種方法可以實(shí)現(xiàn)這個(gè)目標(biāo)。首先，讓學(xué)生們問(wèn)自己三個(gè)問(wèn)題來(lái)檢測(cè)陳述是事實(shí)還是觀(guān)點(diǎn)。問(wèn)題是:這句話(huà)能被證明是真的嗎?這句話(huà)可以在實(shí)踐中或在操作中被觀(guān)察到嗎?這個(gè)論點(diǎn)能否被目擊者、手稿或文件所證實(shí)?如果這三個(gè)問(wèn)題中沒(méi)有答案，那么這是一個(gè)觀(guān)點(diǎn)，而事實(shí)恰恰相反。其次，讓學(xué)生注意一些帶有個(gè)人情感傾向的形容詞，如:糟糕、優(yōu)秀、喜歡、愚蠢、難以置信等等。因?yàn)檫@些形容詞都顯示了作者的態(tài)度或情感，所以包含這些形容詞的句子可以被理解為一個(gè)觀(guān)點(diǎn)。此外，學(xué)生應(yīng)該注意一些限制，例如，可能，不可能，通常，只是，等等，因?yàn)樗麄儽憩F(xiàn)出作者的懷疑或態(tài)度，包含這些詞的內(nèi)容也可以被視為一個(gè)觀(guān)點(diǎn)。

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CHAPTER FOUR RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 

 

4.1 Results and Discussion of the Questionnaire (Appendix I) 

In the lesson of 9A Unit 2 Reading Never give up, the author focuses on thetraining of students‘ evaluation and reflective ability. For exam, the author asks thestudents the following questions: What do you think Spud Webb is like? What did SpudWebb prove? What do you think makes a good basketball player? And after the studentsfinish learning Task The person who has influenced me most in this unit, the author asks:Who do you think has influenced you most in your life?At this stage, the author found that students‘ enthusiasm is very high, students feelthat they have learned a lot of new things, know a lot of tips to read, and show interestin critical reading. But teachers should also design more interesting, effective,challenging reading activities in order to provide students with more opportunities toapply critical reading strategies.

 

4.2 Results and Discussion of the Tests (Appendix II&III) 

In the second stage, from November 16, 2015 to January 30, 2016, because thetextbook new class finished basically, the junior3 students entered the review stage. Sothe author mainly use the articles on reading comprehension, cloze test or task-basedreading to train the students‘ ability of solving problems on grasping the author‘sattitude on a subject, judging the source, grasping the article structure. In classroomteaching, the author consolidatesthese reading strategies, and also uses conversation,interview and investigation to remind students to apply their strategies.In the action research of this period, the author selected some extracurricularreading materials to carry on the critical reading teaching. The typical teaching plan isshown in Appendix IV.After the class experiment, the students were interviewed. The subjects weredivided into three categories. Students A is the top students which score between 24 and30 in reading comprehension, students B is the middle students which score between 18and 24, students C score below 18 points. The purpose of the interview is to deeplyunderstand the success and limitations of the experiment.At the beginning of the term, on September 1, 2015, the author collectedpreliminary information to find out the situation and to examine the effect. Before thebeginning of the first phase of critical reading teaching, in order to understand thestudents‘ reading interest and reading strategies, a questionnaire survey was conducted.In order to measure the students‘ reading ability and thinking level, the readingcomprehension test was also carried out.

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兒童英語(yǔ)教育的研究

第四章結(jié)果和討論

4.1結(jié)果和討論的問(wèn)卷(附錄I)

在9A單元2的閱讀課中，作者著重于學(xué)生的評(píng)價(jià)和反思能力的培養(yǎng)。例如，作者問(wèn)學(xué)生以下問(wèn)題:你認(rèn)為Spud Webb是什么樣子?SpudWebb證明什么?你認(rèn)為怎樣才能成為一個(gè)好的籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)員?在學(xué)生完成學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)之后，這個(gè)對(duì)我影響 大的人，作者問(wèn)道:你認(rèn)為誰(shuí)對(duì)你的生活影響 大?在這個(gè)階段，作者發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)生的熱情非常高，學(xué)生們覺(jué)得他們學(xué)到了很多新東西，懂得很多閱讀的技巧，并表現(xiàn)出對(duì)批判性閱讀的興趣。但教師也應(yīng)設(shè)計(jì)更有趣、更有效、具有挑戰(zhàn)性的閱讀活動(dòng)，以便為學(xué)生提供更多的機(jī)會(huì)來(lái)運(yùn)用批判性閱讀策略。

4.2結(jié)果和測(cè)試的討論(附錄iii和iii)

在第二階段，從2015年11月16日到2016年1月30日，因?yàn)樾抡n程基本上完成了，級(jí)學(xué)生進(jìn)入了復(fù)習(xí)階段。作者主要利用閱讀理解、cloze測(cè)試或任務(wù)閱讀等文章來(lái)培養(yǎng)學(xué)生解決問(wèn)題的能力，以把握作者對(duì)某一主題的執(zhí)著，判斷其來(lái)源，把握文章結(jié)構(gòu)。在課堂教學(xué)中，作者整合了這些閱讀策略，并利用對(duì)話(huà)、訪(fǎng)談和調(diào)查來(lái)提醒學(xué)生運(yùn)用他們的策略。在這一時(shí)期的行動(dòng)研究中，作者選擇了一些課外閱讀材料來(lái)進(jìn)行批判性閱讀教學(xué)。典型的教學(xué)計(jì)劃在附錄中顯示，在課堂實(shí)驗(yàn)之后，學(xué)生們接受采訪(fǎng)。實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象分為三類(lèi)。學(xué)生A是 優(yōu)秀的學(xué)生，在閱讀理解中得分在24到30之間，學(xué)生B是18到24之間的學(xué)生，C分?jǐn)?shù)低于18分。面試的目的是要深入了解這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)的成功和局限性。在這個(gè)學(xué)期開(kāi)始的時(shí)候，在2015年9月1日，作者收集了一些初步的信息來(lái)了解情況，并檢查其效果。在批判性閱讀教學(xué)第一階段開(kāi)始前，為了了解學(xué)生的閱讀興趣和閱讀策略，進(jìn)行了一項(xiàng)問(wèn)卷調(diào)查。為了衡量學(xué)生的閱讀能力和思維水平，還進(jìn)行了閱讀理解測(cè)試。

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CHAPTER FIVE CONCLUSION

 

Critical reading is a kind of deep reading, which requires the readers to use themethods of prediction, analysis, reasoning, summary and evaluation in the readingprocess to achieve a high understanding. In today's information society, trainingstudents‘ critical reading ability promotes their thinking ability and complies with thestudents‘ development. It is also consistent with the requirements of the compulsoryeducation English curriculum standard for Junior 3 students on reading. Therefore, it isvery necessary to carry out critical reading training in Junior 3.This study expounds the necessity of critical reading teaching in junior high schoolin theory and carries out an action research in practice. The purpose is to solve threemain research problems. Firstly, how do the teachers imment critical readingteaching in English class? Secondly, can the critical reading strategies develop students‘critical thinking ability effectively? Thirdly, can critical reading teaching improvestudents‘ interest in learning English? This study used the questionnaire, classroomexperiment, interview, test, data analysis and other methods, selected two classes ofJunior 3 in a middle school as the research objects, and recorded the development ofstudents‘critical reading ability in the experiment.The results showed that: Firstly, through the critical reading teaching, the studentsgrasp some critical reading strategies, and the thinking ability is improved. Secondly,critical reading teaching improves the students‘ speed, accuracy and depth of the textunderstanding and. the scoring rate on reading comprehension. Thirdly, critical readingteaching can truly reflect the students‘main body position, change their learning attitude,arouse the in terest and mobilize the enthusiasm.This study explores critical reading teaching and train critical reading strategies injunior high school. The method of action research is used to verify the effect of criticalreading teaching, which provides some references for the further research on improvingjunior high school students‘critical reading ability.

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兒童英語(yǔ)教育的研究

第五章結(jié)論

批判性閱讀是一種深度閱讀，它要求讀者在閱讀過(guò)程中運(yùn)用預(yù)測(cè)、分析、推理、總結(jié)和評(píng)價(jià)的方法來(lái)達(dá)到高度的理解。在當(dāng)今的信息社會(huì)中，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的批判性閱讀能力有助于提高學(xué)生的思維能力，順應(yīng)學(xué)生的發(fā)展。同時(shí)，也符合初三學(xué)生對(duì)《強(qiáng)迫教育英語(yǔ)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》的要求。因此，在級(jí)時(shí)進(jìn)行批判性閱讀訓(xùn)練是非常必要的。摘要本文闡述了初中學(xué)生批判性閱讀教學(xué)的必要性，并在實(shí)踐中進(jìn)行了行動(dòng)研究。目的是解決三個(gè)研究問(wèn)題。首先，教師如何在英語(yǔ)課堂上實(shí)施批判性的閱讀教學(xué)?其次，批判性閱讀策略能有效地培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的批判性思維能力嗎?第三，批判性閱讀教學(xué)能提高學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的興趣嗎?本研究聘用問(wèn)卷、課堂實(shí)驗(yàn)、訪(fǎng)談、測(cè)試、數(shù)據(jù)分析等方法，選擇了中學(xué)級(jí)的兩班作為研究對(duì)象，并記錄了學(xué)生在實(shí)驗(yàn)中批判性閱讀能力的發(fā)展。結(jié)果表明:首先，通過(guò)批判性閱讀教學(xué)，學(xué)生掌握了一些關(guān)鍵的閱讀策略，并提高了思維能力。其次，批判性閱讀教學(xué)提高了學(xué)生的速度、準(zhǔn)確性和對(duì)文本理解的深度。閱讀理解的評(píng)分率。第三，批判性的閱讀教學(xué)能夠真正地反映學(xué)生的主體地位，改變他們的學(xué)習(xí)態(tài)度，激發(fā)學(xué)生的熱情。本研究探討了批判性閱讀教學(xué)，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的批判性閱讀策略。本文運(yùn)用行動(dòng)研究方法來(lái)驗(yàn)證批判性閱讀教學(xué)的效果，為進(jìn)一步研究提高初中學(xué)生的批判性閱讀能力提供了參考。

這是接著上篇的內(nèi)容，在這里也把整篇文章都給大家了

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